THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION

HYPERTENSION TREATMENTS

     STEP 1

LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION

*Weight reduction

*Reduction of sodium intake

*Moderation of alcohol intake

*Smoking cessation

*Physical activity increase (this has shown to decreas blood pressure and improve cardiovascular

 tone

and reserve).

     STEP 2

INADEQUATE RESPONSE

*Continue lifestyle modifications

*Initial drug selection

-Diuretic or B-blocker (this tend to decrease serum sodium levels and blood volume)

-ACE inhibitor,calcium channel blocker,alpha blocker,alpha and beta blocker (ACE inhibitor blocks

the conversion of angiotensin 1 to 11 thereby blocking the effects of angiotensin 11 on the blood

vessel.

Calcium blocker relaxes muscle contraction.Beta blocker decreases heart rate and streght of

contraction as well as vasodilation

THE COMPLICATIONS AND HOW TO MANAGE HYPERTENSION

COMPLICATIONS

-Cardiac failure

-Cerebrovascular accident

-Retinoparthy

-Renal failure

-Hypertensive encephalopathy


                                           MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

     The goal of treatment is to prevent death and complications by achieving and maintain the arterial

blood

pressure at 140/90 mmHg or lower.

To promote compliance,clinicians,try to prescribe the simplest treatment schedule possible,ideally

one pill once each day.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

It is rarely accompanied by any symptom and the identification is usually through screening and

sometimes when seeking healthcare for an unrelated problem. But there are some signs that could

accompany hypertension examples:-

1) Persistent headache

2) Light headedness

3) Vertigo

4) Tinnitus

6) Fainting episodes

     On physical examination,hypertension may be suspected on the basis of retinopathy. All those are

usually observed in primary hypertension which is mostly caused by stress. Additional signs and

symptoms may suggest secondary hypertension.

1) Kidney disease

2) Endocrine disease (cushings syndromme)

3) Acromegaly

4) Renal artery stenosis

5) Aortic coarctation

6) Phaeochromocytom
   There are some extreme presentation of hypertension  which is collectively called hypertensive

crisis.

Hypertensive crisis can be referred to as hypertensive urgency and emergency.

       Hypertensive urgency

Hypertensive urgency is a situation where the blood pressure is severely elevated to180/110mmHg

 persistently. But even at this reading there is no associated organ damage.

The symptoms frequently observed are:-

 Severe headache

 Shortness of breath

 Nose bleeding

 Anxiety

       Hypertensive emergency

In hypertensive emergency, the blood pressure will exceed 180/110 and end organ damage will be

observed.

The consequences of hypertensive emergency are:-

 Stroke

 Memory loss

 Loss of consciousness

 Heart attack

 Eye damage

 Kidney damage

 Aortic dissection

 Angina

 Pulmonary edema

 Eclampsi

DIFFERENT TYPES OF HYPERTENSION

Types

-Primary (Essential)

-Secondary (Non Essential)

Primary or Essential Hypertension: Indicates that the reason for the elevation in blood pressure

cannot be identified.Approximately 90% of people with hypertension have primary type while the

remaining 10%

have secondary non essential hypertension.

There are two main types of hypertension and four types that are less common. Depending on the

 type of hypertension, the cause could be known or unknown. Hypertension is suspected to be as a

result of combined factors related to genetics, diets and lifestyle.

The most common are:

Primary hypertension and Secondary hypertension.

The other less common include malignant hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, white coat

hypertension and resistant hypertension.

Primary (Essential) Hypertension- indicates that the reason for the elevation in the blood pressure

 cannot be identified. Approximately 90% of people with hypertension have primary type while the

remaining 10% have secondary (non essential) hypertension.

Secondary(Non-Essential)Hypertension-It is a term used to signify high blood pressure from an

 identified cause. Such as drug induced or related causes, obesity, renal disorder, metabolic and

 endocrine causes, pregnancy induced phaechromocytoma.

Malignant hypertension-This occurs suddenly and drastically, The person might experience

 numbness

in the body as well as vision problems, extreme fatigue, confusion, anxiety and seizures. It is very

 rare and affect both children and adults.Pregnant women are also at risk

THE REAL MEANING OF HYPERTENSION

Hypertension or high blood pressure sometimes called arterial hypertension is a chronic medical

 condition in which the blood pressure in the artery is elevated.

Blood pressure is summarized by two  measurement the systolic and diastolic which depend on

whether the heart muscle is contractor y. Normal blood pressure at rest is within the range of

100-140/60-90mmHg.

But if BP is persistently greater than or equal to 140/90 the person is said to be

hypertensive.
                        
Hypertension is classified as either primary or secondary.

About 90-95% of hypertensive patient are categorize as primary hypertension which means high

blood pressure with no obvious underline medical cause. The remaining 5-10% of cases are

secondary and are caused by other conditions ranging from kidneys,arteries,heart or endocrine